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Section 1 THE CHALLENGE This part consists of the background of the research, objectives from the study, assumptive and conceptual framework, scope and constraints of the research, significance with the study and definition of terms. Background in the Study As men stay in this next wave globe known as the Ubiquitous age, many impossible items made possible through Information Technology. These people were thankful for the millennium of scientific discoveries and improvements, people’s lives have changed.
It really is due to modern technology why mans conventional lifestyle becomes modern. The modern technology that enables males to lessen the responsibility of work, ease suffering and increase pleasure. Most of the very best inventions possess focused specifically on technical achievements. In broader feeling, human have got invented large number of other things within the last 1000 years. Humankind’s creative output spans a huge range of fields in addition to science and engineering ” each with their own great developments and innovations during the last millennium.
Technology is the making, modification, consumption, and familiarity with tools, devices, techniques, projects, systems, techniques of organization, in order to solve problems, improve a preexisting way to a problem, acquire a goal, take care of an utilized input/output relation or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such equipment, machinery, alterations, arrangements and procedures. Technologies significantly have an effect on human along with other animal species’ ability to control and adjust to their organic environments. Technology can be viewed as a hobby that varieties or alterations culture.
Additionally , technology is a application of Math, Science, as well as the arts for the benefit of life as it is noted. A modern case in point is the climb of communication technology, that has lessened barriers to human interaction and, as a result, provides helped spawn new subcultures: The surge of cyberculture. As a ethnical activity, technology predates equally science and engineering, every of which formalizes some facets of technological undertaking. Engineering is definitely the goal-oriented means of designing and making tools and systems to exploit natural phenomena to get practical man means, frequently (but certainly not always) using results and techniques via science.
The development of technology may draw upon many fields expertise, including technological, engineering, mathematical, linguistic, and historical know-how, to achieve several practical end result. 1 Your research study is usually conducted in answer to the 1987 Constitution in the Republic from the Philippines, Content 14, Education, Science and Technology, Disciplines, Culture and Sports, Section 10 and unit: “Science and technology are essential to get national creation and progress. The State shall give concern to research and development, advent, innovation, and the utilization, also to science and technology education, training, and services.
It shall support indigenous, suitable, and self-reliant scientific and technological capacities, and their program to the country’s productive devices and nationwide life. 1 This article discusses the value of every expansion or discoveries. Thus, as being a University, it should support all of the research that is conducted by the students to motivate those to come up with a technology that will showcase the development of the country as a whole. Automobile loading is one of the most important consideration factors from the design, routine service, and long term use of expressway.
Nowadays, it might be more common that the road surface can be greatly destroyed by the overloading vehicles. Because of this, the overloading enforcement would be the effective assess for preventing the highway from becoming damaged by simply overloading automobiles. 2 Monetary growth requirements an adequate transport infrastructure. Freeway networks assure healthy advancement freight transport market. Nevertheless , in this very competitive and cost-conscious marketplace, more and more owners or providers tend to excess their pickup trucks to minimize transportation costs, posing a serious risk to the security of individuals, passengers and other road sers. Overloading is also a big headache for visitors police. Targeted traffic police can simply spot-check cars on the road based upon their own knowledge, which is surely not satisfactory in preventing overloading. While computer technology increases, a more successful and smart overload detection system has come into make use of. 3 Depending on the requirement of the Road Traffic Act 1988 of the United States of America, vehicle users ensure that the vehicles that they drive vehicles are not beyond capacity. In the event that a vehicle is found to be beyond capacity then both the driver and operator could be prosecuted or cautioned.
It really is worth bearing in mind that one will be in breach of the rules if the load which a driver bears is heavy than the motor vehicle is designed to carry, or the weight is bumpy causing a number of of the axle assemblies to have to bear too much weight and that the fines which can be enforced are far coming from trivial. Legislation imposes penalties for each offense ” and can be in respect of each inundated axle and also total overloading as well. What is more, if the car is dangerously overloaded then simply, the driver may still confront a impose of Risky Driving which may result in prison sentence for up to two years.
It is not just the company and/or the owner of the vehicle who may be liable. There is every possibility that if an overload is discovered the driver will be prosecuted and might end up with several penalty points on his or perhaps her driver’s license. The offenses under the Road Traffic Act 1988 provide that anyone generating a vehicle which is overloaded commits an absolute offence. This means that a crime is determined even if the rider or owner was not conscious of the overloading. 4
RFID is based on a chain of technological discoveries coming from some of the most crucial intellectual leaders like: Michael Faraday in 1846 identified that equally light and radio waves are element of electromagnetic energy. James Maxwell in 1864 propounded his theory that electric and magnetic strength travels in transverse surf at the exceedingly fast. Heinrich Hertz in 1887 proved Maxwell’s theory and showed that radio dunes may be reflected, refracted, and polarized just like light.
Currently, vehicles on the highway can simply be identified by quickly reading their particular license dishes, which sometimes does not work correctly due to environmental conditions like rain or perhaps fog or dirt on the license dish. Additionally , it is well known that transports of abnormal lots and harmful goods are generally not always carried out on the authorized roads. This problem cannot be efficiently controlled by police officers. Specialists can develop a method embedded inside the road or on side of the road for identification of vehicles on the highway, keeping away from the problems with the license platter cameras.
Integration to an electric permission system, which can examine the permission of each abnormal transportation and their current route. 5 Identification is a powerful capability, useful in classifying, counting, and organizing things. These procedures are essential to numerous aspects of modern life of today, including manufacturing, the strategies of circulation, and the several stages of supply chains, and they operate on scales which range from the level of the consumer consumer to that of global operate. In the past, identification was completed visually”by watching characteristics of objects.
When ever copies of manufactured things that are essentially identical must be identified, unique markings have already been added. Successful and correct means will be needed to understand the marks and thus determine the identification of the designated objects. Therefore , an recognition system contains identifying marks and viewers of those markings. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a ways of identifying objects by interrogating a unique characteristic of the thing (such like a unique figuring out number kept on a silicon chip placed on the object) using car radio waves.
This technology promises orders-of-magnitude increased efficiency and accuracy than were conceivable previous solutions. Although RFID is not just a recent advancement, advances in semiconductor technology have now do this method functional and much more cost effective. RFID has its own advantages over visual markings”primary among them the capability to identify items without the requirement of line of eyesight. This means that objects can be identified even when they are really tightly jam-packed together or their area markings happen to be removed, spoiled, or hidden. 6 The airwaves Frequency Id describes a process of identification.
RFID is founded on storing and remotely retrieving information or perhaps data as it consists of RFID tag, RFID reader and back-end Databases. RFID tags store one of a kind identification data of objects and connect the tags so as to let remote retrieval of their ID. RFID technology depends on the conversation between the RFID tags and RFID viewers. The range from the reader relies on its functional frequency. Generally the readers have their own application running issues ROM and in addition, communicate with different software to control these exclusive identified tags.
Basically, the applying which manipulates tag discount information to get the end consumer, communicates together with the RFID target audience to get the label information through antennas. Many researchers include addressed issues that are related to RFID dependability and ability. RFID is usually continuing for being popular since it increases performance and provides better service to stakeholders. RFID technology has been realized as a overall performance differentiator for a variety of business applications, but its capability can be yet to be fully used. RFID technology has passed through many levels over the last few decades.
The technology has been found in tracking delivery of goods, in courier providers and in suitcases handling. Different applications contains automatic toll payments, departmental access control in large buildings, personal and vehicle control within a particular location, security of things which should not leave the region, equipment tracking in engineering businesses, hospital processing systems, etc . Usage of high speed RFID tag-readers directly attached in the tarmac of the freeway and a great identification and controlling application which, for example , can check if the allowed route of your abnormal insert transport is very used.
Wen (2010) reveals an intelligent visitors management professional system with RFID technology. The system provides both virtually important visitors data collection and control information and can trace felony or unlawful vehicles including stolen automobiles or vehicles that evade tickets, tolls or car taxes. The device architecture consists of an RFID reader, a passive label, a personal computer, a pair of infrared sensors, and a high-speed server with a database program.
Based on RFID technology, the program collects and calculates typical speed and average movement information on each road of a district area in a metropolis. It then transfers the emails from all of the congested roads in a section area towards the server in the district center via a interaction program. Through a flooding protocol, each server in a section center exchanges and improvements information with all neighbor servers in other region centers and so all that the servers in a variety of district centers can get all of the latest blockage messages in a city.
Consequently , a dynamic navigation system can find the least path that avoids congested roads. several At the very simplest level, Radio Rate of recurrence Identification (RFID) technologies allow the transmission of the unique dramón number easily, using radio waves. The 2 key areas of the system that are needed to try this are the RFID , tag’ and the , reader’, attaching an RFID tag into a physical thing allows the object to be , seen’ and monitored simply by existing laptop networks and back-office administration systems.
To date, the key rider for the development of RFID devices has been the prefer to improve performance in globalised supply chains but execution of the technology has been difficult. This is partly due to the developing costs of tags, that happen to be currently too much to rationalize widespread deployment across source chains in the way that was originally imagined, and partly due to problems over the prospect of infringing the privacy of shoppers who obtain RFID-tagged items.
There are various ways in which RFID might impact on the core organization of Further and Degree (F&HE) but also in the temporary, one of the crucial factors will be how concerns about the opportunity of privacy violation are reduced. Although these kinds of concerns have never had while high an account in the UK because they have anywhere else, pressure from the EU will demand UK F&HE to start dealing with these issues, and it will ultimately become more cost effective and time efficient if this is required for a pro-active rather than a re-active way.
The influence of the library sector, in its dual role as a public sector body operating in the , public good’ and doing work as a test-bed for the technology, provides the potential to be important in environment the rate for establishing good practice in this field while the technology is still relatively recent and there is continue to the opportunity to have an effect. 8 According to Freeman (2009), RFID is not just a new technology and has passed through many years of use in military, air travel, library, reliability, healthcare, athletics, animal farms and other areas.
Industries employ RFID for various applications such as personal/vehicle access control, departmental store security, equipment traffic monitoring, baggage, fast food establishments, strategies, etc . The enhancement in RFID technology has brought positive aspects that are related to resource optimization, increased productivity within organization processes, and enhanced customer support, overall improvements in business functions and health-related. As reviewed by Grunt (2009) the majority of RFID systems consist of tags that are mounted on the things to be identified. Each marking has its own “read-only or “rewrite internal memory with respect to the type and application.
Common configuration of this memory is usually to store merchandise information, such as an object’s unique IDENTITY manufactured day, etc . The RFID visitor generates magnet fields that enable the RFID program to locate items (via the tags) which have been within their range the high-frequency electromagnetic energy and query signal generated by the reader causes the tags to reply to the query, the query rate of recurrence could be approximately 50 moments per second. As a result conversation between the main components of the device i. electronic. tags and reader is established. As a result a great deal of data happen to be generated.
Source chain sectors control this issue by using filtration systems that are sent to the backend information devices. In other words, in order to control this problem, software just like Savant is employed. This software program acts as a buffer between the I . t and RFID reader. Many protocols deal with the interaction process involving the reader and tag. These protocols (ISO 15693 and ISO 18000-3 for HF or the ISO 18000-6, and EPC intended for UHF) begin the identity process when the reader is usually switched on. These protocol works on selected consistency bands (e. g. 70 ” 915 MHz to get UHF or 13. 56 MHz for HF). In case the reader is usually on and the tag comes in the target audience fields, it automatically wakes-up and decodes the sign and responds to the visitor by modulating the reader’s field. All the tags inside the reader selection may reply at the same time, in such a case the reader need to detect sign collision (indication of multiple tags). Signal collision is definitely resolved by making use of anti-collision criteria which enables the reader to sort tags and select/handle each label based on the frequency range (between 40 tags to 200 tags) and the protocol used.
In this connection you can perform certain operations around the tags including reading the tag’s designation number and writing info into a marking. 9 Furthermore, as stated by Harper (2010), RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technology that features the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling inside the radio regularity (RF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely discover an object, creature, or person. RFID is definitely coming into raising use in industry as an alternative to the line code. The benefit of RFID is the fact it does not need direct get in touch with or line-of-sight scanning.
An RFID program consists of three components: a great antenna and transceiver (often combined into one reader) and a transponder (the tag). The antenna uses the airwaves frequency waves to transfer a signal that activates the transponder. Once activated, the tag sends data back to the antenna. The data can be used to notify a programmable logic control that an actions should arise. The action could be as simple as raising an gain access to gate or as complicated as interfacing with a repository to carry out a monetary transaction.
Low- consistency RFID devices (30 KHz to five-hundred KHz) have got short transmission ranges (generally less than 6 feet). High-frequency RFID devices (850 MHz to 950 MHz and 2 . 4 GHz to 2 . 5 GHz) provide longer tranny ranges (more than 85 feet). In general, the higher the frequency, the greater expensive the device. RFID is sometimes called dedicated short range communication (DSRC). 10 Together with the aforementioned details and tips about RFID, the analysts conceived the study on making a device known as radio rate of recurrence identification structured public electricity vehicles overloading detection and reporting system.
They believe the fact that system could help in solving problems in overloading. Aims of the Study The study is focused on the advancement radio frequency identification (RFID)-based PUV’s overloading detection and reporting program. Specifically, this aims to: 1 ) Design and develop radio frequency recognition (RFID)-based PUV’s overloading detection and reporting system. installment payments on your Test the performance in the customized excess detection and reporting program in terms of RFID usage and response coming back every test out in terms of: 2 . 1 effectiveness, 2 . 2 accuracy, and 2 . detection range Theoretical Framework The analysis is based on the guidelines of Control systems. Applications on the theory of Control Systems began as early as B. C. two hundred when Ctesibius from Portugal started to device the use of a float regulator device on a normal water clock. Right now, modern meaning of control system software refers to the mixing of elements whose function is to maintain a process adjustable at a desired worth or in a desired array of values. Arrangement provides the different indications used to operate some system center.
In some cases, operators record these indications for use in day-to-day procedure of the center. The information recorded helps the operator evaluate the current current condition of the system and take activities if the circumstances are not as expected. Requiring the operator to adopt all of the needed corrective activities is improper, or sometimes impossible, especially if a large number of signals must be monitored. For this reason, many systems will be controlled immediately once they happen to be operating under normal conditions.
Automatic handles greatly reduce the responsibility on the operator and make his or her job controllable. Some devices do not need all of their procedure variables to become controlled. This principle is applicable on the type of the task, wherein the RFID component operates to control and determine the overburden detection as the RFID unit detector functions the examining of the discovered data entry then quickly received by prior firm using the RFID device detector. The procedure of the control system is occasionally checked to verify right operation.
If a control program fails, the operator should be able to dominate and control the process manually. In most cases, understanding how the control system functions aids the operator in determining in the event the system is working properly and which actions are required to keep up with the system in safe and fully functioning condition. Conceptual Framework The conceptual platform of the proposed system is displayed in Physique 1, the figure is dependent on Coombs Theory, which includes the type, process, and output.
This shows the flow with the study and how the analysts come up with the chosen research. The type consists of every one of the resources necessary in making the system. The information solutions pertain towards the ideas, details, and expertise from the ebooks, related literatures, and from the internet. Material solutions are the analysis instruments, materials and supplies, and products to be utilized. The financial resource identifies the cash to be used by the researchers.
Recruiting are all the folks involved in the success and advancement this study which includes the PUV’s rider, passengers, and consultant who will aid in contributing suggestions related to the research matter. The process of this examine deals with preparing, designing, and development of the device. It also comes with conducting of experiments, revising, and tests to evaluate just how and how well the system functions. The output field consists of the completed and well-developed system of the put together reporting and identification through the RFID module and the data verifying process by the A radio station Frequency Recognition device metal detector.
The responses arrow represents the constant evaluation with the results within the output. The arrow details back to the input and process in order to check, and recheck the errors that might be encountered throughout the development of the program and the usage of the equipment. Significance in the Study This project largely focuses on the introduction of a car radio frequency identification based PUV’s overloading and detection system. First, that aims pertaining to achieving an exact and proper loading of passengers.
For the country, this method can benefit the authorities as the system documents and detects the beyond capacity PUV’s and automatically are accountable to the nearest law enforcement officials station or perhaps prior firms, so there is a properly structured and correct PUV’s driver for any program in this nation and a developed organization in terms of transport that could motivate the makes to expose the enhancements of public transportation to avoid overloading in public power vehicles. This will be of great help in conditions of country’s transportation, secureness and expanding organization
With this device, making use of the system may also greatly assess the approximate location of the overloaded PUV’s in the way that the police and the prior firms will not have to check by hang inside the highways and searching for the overloaded PUV’s, anymore. Not much different from the way, on the alternative method, the authorities and preceding agency will not need to hold on the freeways and look for some insulting motorists that are supposed to get some individuals even they may be consuming and overweight that will affect the engine start to annoy, thus this consume a lot of energy and period.
So , robotizing the process really can save time and effort for the benefits of the community. For the colleges, this system can help the students to experience a proper method of riding an automobile and lending in a good manner of carrying, and this can materialize while model that is to be of great reverance for the college and will serve as inspiration to upcoming students. This project will be based upon new trend technology that may enhance to raised understanding of every single student. To get the college of engineering, the researchers believe the study may help the college a lot especially those who also take ECE.
It can also give additional thought and details about electronics that could be a guide intended for the students with the college. For future years researchers, this kind of project will assist you to enhance the concepts of pupils in creating innovative companies device. It serves as guide to the next generation of researchers that will do relevant research and to have more complex study and improve the device. For the government, the project will greatly help them to discipline the drivers in loading their particular vehicles properly.
Lastly, the developed unit is sure to provide protection and reliability in terms of creation and administration of inundated PUV’s. Using the RFID to report the detected inundated PUV’s, will make a credit reporting system that is accurately determined and as well timed. There is seemingly no way intended for the PUV’s driver to find passengers and cheat the overloading recognition and credit reporting system, as per the RFID system detector that is required to check their overloaded PUV’s and strongly requires the motorists to firmly stop chasing passengers with this case. Produced Radio Rate of recurrence Identification Structured PUV’s Overloading Detection and Reporting System. * Preparing * Developing * Advancement the device 5. Testing * Revising 2. Evaluation 2. Information assets * Material resources 5. Financial resources 2. Human resources Suggestions Process Outcome FEEDBACK Determine 1 Figure 1 Conceptual Model for the Development of Radio Frequency Id Based PUV’s Overloading and Detection Program Scope and Limitation in the Study
This study is usually confined to build a system of device that is able to identify from the RFID input, revealing through RFID device detector, and moving all information in programed control system hence the detection with the overload PUV’s will immediately transfer and report the info to the close to police place and before agencies and is readily pursuit using the RFID device metal detector. This examine focused on the designing, growing, and operating of the RFID-based PUV’s overloading detection and reporting system that will be conducted by the two (2) next year Electronic devices Engineering (4-ECE) students whom are the supporters of this research.
It will be conducted in School of Rizal System-Morong Campus during the school year 2012-2013 2nd semester and 2013-2014 1st session. The device will likely be interconnected over a computer, that it should procedure all the collected data, plan it into a database, as well as makes it possible for simple to know the inundated PUV’s. The product can be however implemented to be used on a larger organization, with connection to the prior agency, on this research, it will eventually only be applied on handful of tags and small number of open public utility cars (PUV’s).
PUV’s will be automatic by the motorists, specifically the passengers would be the proponent of the situation. This analysis will use limited numbers of tags for tests purposes only that will have information of sample PUV’s for the purpose of the research and will be utilized as a moderate of overloading detection program in the freeway. Furthermore, this research will not likely test the performance in the device when it comes to storage capacity and security mainly because these variables happen to be of their criteria with respect to the device modules used in the job. This device is intended to provide a cheat-proof method of producing the confirming system for almost any purpose.
Meaning of Terms To get a clearly understanding of the study, the subsequent terms happen to be defined operationally and conceptually. Accuracy. This refers to the situation or quality of being true, correct, or perhaps exact, flexibility from mistake or problem, precision or perhaps exactness, correctness. Efficiency. This kind of refers to how a device executes its anticipated task having a minimum spending of time and effort. Overloading. This kind of refers how the individuals and the drivers perform with respect to the weigh and number of voyager inside the public utility automobiles. PUV’s. This kind of refers to an automobile, generally motorized, that is designed for a specific vehicles.
Radio Rate of recurrence. This relates to the rate of oscillation inside the range of about 3 kHz to three hundred GHz, which will corresponds to the frequency of radio waves, and the switching currents which usually carry a radio station signals. Confirming. This identifies the process of converting data in to usable, and actionable info. RFID. This kind of refers to a tracking system that uses intelligent of embedded microchips with the use of the airwaves frequency. RFID Tag. This pertains to a microchip mounted on an antenna and uses a write and read technology. Security. This refers to the amount of being protected in which a system cannot be scammed or exploited in any ways or strategies possible.
Server. This refers to a network server of the computer system, that is used as the central database of data and various courses that are shared in a network. Speed. This refers to how fast a device is able to behave on particular input instructions and provide the necessary output. Storage Capacity. This refers to the number of data that the certain system is able to consist of. NOTES 1http://www. gov. ph/the-philippine-constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xiv/ 2http://www. wanji. net. n/en/d/b/20101217/429. html 3http://www. evoc. com/solutions/MEC-5004-Application-in-Highway-Overload-Detection-System/detail. aspx 4http://www. keepmedriving. com/category/commercial/overloading/? forgottenpasswd 5http://www. project-asset. com/data/asset_highlight_ROC_v09. pdf 6http://www. nap. edu/openbook. php? record_id=11189&page=3 7http://dl. acm. org/citation. cfm? id=1668223 8http://www. rfidaa. org/upload/documents/PDF/RFID%20explained. pdf 9http://arxiv. org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1002/1002. 1179. pdf 10http://searchmanufacturingerp. techtarget. com/definition/RFID
