applying the nursing process to research proposal
Research from Study Proposal:
Therefore , a nurse should be fully mindful of these breathing difficulties when offering care into a patient, in particular when the patient is part of cultural group from outside the U. S.
The third requirements is cultural organization. For instance , most African-American families are likely to be based upon a matriarchal system with either the mother or another female family member serving as its leader. This matriarch may also serve as the cause for tips on certain
family matters; of course , the patriarch of the friends and family (i. at the., the father figure) also plays a role in family decision-making. Thus, the majority of African-American family members are composed of a support network consisting of mothers, dads and other close relatives, something which often makes tension and dissent. In this respect, a registered nurse must be aware of this matriarchal program and its network in such a way as to gain the trust of family members in terms of health care (Transcultural Nursing, 2005, pg. #’s? )
Your fourth criteria is usually time, specially in relation to offering directions about when to take medications. For instance , when a health professional tells the patient to take his or her medication 3 x a day or maybe once each morning, some individuals might wrongly translate these guidelines, thus creating life or death circumstances. This can end up being applied to telling someone when to change the dressing on the wound usually. Therefore , a nurse must realize how a patient recognizes these and other directions and must be able to provide guidelines in a qualified manner in line with a person’s cultural qualifications (Transcultural Nursing jobs, 2004, pg. #’s? )
The 6th criteria can be environmental control which handles a patient’s cultural philosophy concerning physical illness and prevention procedures. According to some studies, Hispanics are more likely than Caucasians to complain that physical pain has “ruined their lives” and the Chinese appear to consider asking for help as a signal of a deficiency of self-respect. Additionally , some individuals perspective a request pain medication as being fresh of a nurse’s time. In such a case, a nurse must always ask a patient if perhaps he/she requires medication; otherwise, the patient may well do devoid of, thus creating serious complications and/or physical pain (Transcultural Nursing
2004, pg. #’s? )
The final criteria is definitely biological variant which includes the susceptibility to disease, nutrition and genetics, all of which may possibly have an important impact on a patient’s sensitivity to discomfort. Many studies have got concluded that tenderness to soreness varies between individuals and cultures, a well known fact which all nurses need to take into account once providing treatment or techniques which require a certain amount of pain (Glanze, 2002, 467). Also, some civilizations consider admitting to soreness as being self-deprecating. Therefore , as with all of the criteria found in the Giger-Davidhizer version, a nurse must be aware of your patient’s patience and acknowledgement of discomfort, particularly if the sufferer is a member of a cultural group from outside of the U. S.
Designing a Plan of Care:
The application of this model for the health care requirements of African-Americans could be achieved by focusing on three of the criteria – interpersonal organization, environmental control and biological variant. With the initially criteria, the role with the matriarchal mom or expert figure could possibly be expanded since the primary method to obtain advice pertaining to young African-American males and females, because of this figure getting held in substantial esteem. For instance, this physique could possibly affect younger blacks to adhere to an eating plan that helps stop in most cases unhealthy weight, heart disease, diabetes and certain types of cancer, due to statistics that demonstrate that black guys tend to smoke cigars at more youthful ages (“Health and Healthcare, ” 2009, Internet). Of course , the matriarchal figure would have to be informed by simply her doctor or care-giver about the true dangers of obesity and smoking and be confident to follow proven medical procedures instead of relying upon traditional Photography equipment remedies.
The 2nd criteria of environmental control which in the case deals with a patient’s classic cultural beliefs related to physical/mental illnesses and prevention, could be overcome by simply educating not merely the patient nevertheless also his or her family members regarding the unscientific basis of a large number of African healing practices and “voodoo” remedies. Some of the conditions which could be ignored and which often result in early death in African-Americans contain hypertension, heart disease, stroke, renal failure, diabetes and specific types of cancer, most notably lung, breast, colon and prostate tumor (in men). Certainly, these types of often fatal diseases with high morbidity rates in African-Americans have already been shown to be strongly linked to a lack of education as well as the inability to reach professional health care providers and clinics (“Health and Health Care, inches 2009, Internet).
With the third criteria, natural variation takes on a major function in the lives of African-Americans as a result of having specific hereditary flaws and/or predispositions, especially with sickle-cell low blood count, a genetically-inherited disease from the red blood cells that was originally considered to have been a great adaptation to fight malaria (Spector, 08, 272). Due to the fact that this disease is likely to run in families, nursing staff and other caregivers could suggest their black patients to undergo genetic testing in order to determine their likelihood of acquiring sickle-cell anemia. Nevertheless , for many African-Americans, this may not be possible, due to the typically prohibitive expense of the test and genetic counselling.
Interdisciplinary Approaches:
Since the African-American population inside the U. S. is one of the most affected teams when it comes to interacting with and making use of health care delivery systems, it could be advisable that the current American health care sector adopt numerous interdisciplinary strategies for culturally-sensitive care delivery. As Karen Williams and Veronica T. Johnson remarks, patients and everything health care providers must adopt “patient-empowered skills, learn to be more broadly sensitive” and support work to create wellness policies and agendas in order to improve the health status of African-Americans (2008, Internet). For example , state governments and local community organizations will need to support health conferences geared towards black People in america, along with creating some sort of health start for the medical demands of African-Americans living in every state.
At the federal level, there presently exists what is known as the Strategic Plan on health Disparities, run by the National Institutes of Overall health (NIH), the Healthy People 2010 Project and the fully Access – 0% Disparities Initiative of 2010 (Williams Johnson, 08, Internet). About other healthcare professionals who have could be involved in newly-established programs or endeavours, this could incorporate physicians and nurses with hands-on knowledge related to dealing with diseases in Africa and with specialty area in specific illnesses and disorders afflicting mostly African-Americans, such as hypertension, diabetes, heart problems and unhealthy weight.
IMPLEMENTATION:
About implementing changes in a culturally-sensitive area, one method related to the continuing prevalence of a belief in classic African treatments and remedies would be some type of extensive educational program geared towards reducing, in the event not eliminating, the philosophy regarding treating and treating certain illnesses with natural herbs and other concoctions, most of that are based on pseudo-scientific principles. 1 specific region is folks medicine that can be practiced in Africa for generations and continues to be utilized in modern America by a large number of African-Americans. While suspected, possibly blacks that live in large urban areas and possess access to local health clinics continue to trust folk treatments to get rid of their problems. Thus, various African-Americans often avoid browsing a local medical center or center when these kinds of pseudo-cures can easily be bought, particularly by faith healers and even family members matriarchs with close cable connections to their Photography equipment roots (Spector, 2008, 267).
Cultural Barriers Strategies:
Regarding strategies that could be utilized to overcome some of the identified barriers to African-American medical, the key element is education in the form of a rigid devotedness to confirmed scientific strategies as compared to pseudo-scientific cures and remedies, and through providing the proper knowledge to nursing professionals with regards to understanding the cultural sensitivities of countless black Americans, such as being aware of beforehand that particular comments and observations might be taken as insulting or inferences on the part of the nurse that an African-American patient is viewed as trivial as compared to a white affected person.
EVALUATION:
In the event that all of the suggestions and observations so far discussed are to be built effective, 1 possible application would be to make some kind of survey that could be passed out by doctors and healthcare professionals in either a hospital or perhaps clinical environment. This survey might incorporate questions within the professionalism from the caregiver/nurse as it relates to understanding the cultural sensitivities and characteristics of African-Americans and any kind of ideas to improve upon such understanding. Of course , this sort of survey would need to be drafted in such a way as to avoid virtually any misunderstandings on the part of the patient regarding the questions and very simple dialect. When these kinds of surveys are finished by the patient, they are often mailed back to the
