coping with change composition
P1- Go over factors which in turn affect the advancement self-esteem M1- Compare two theories of self-esteem which contribute to each of our understanding of self-concept The NHS define self-esteem as being the judgment each individual provides of themselves. NHS, (2015). It is the self-image and do it yourself “respect of the individual’s belief of themselves. Roshahl. c, (2008). This assignment is likely to discuss the six elements that affect self-esteem. These types of factors would be the growth promoting climate, the looking a glass self, self-actualisation, ego identification, social identification and finally, the constructing of self-concept.
Maslow stated that folks are motivated to achieve selected needs. The moment one need is fulfilled a person looks for to satisfy the next one, and so on. Maslow, (1943).
The self-actualisation theory was created simply by Maslow in 1943. This kind of theory is dependent on the pecking order of requires.
This kind of theory is usually an ongoing procedure. This theory is not really something which is definitely aimed pertaining to by a person, instead really something you do. In addition to this, the theory is not restricted to individuals; anyone is able to achieve this hierarchy of requirements. The pecking order is made up of levels these amounts are; physiological needs, security needs, love and belonging needs, worth needs and finally, is all in the above happen to be achieved, relating to Maslow they are able to then reach self-actualisation. Maslowski. R. M, Morgan. L, (1973). The 1st stage of the theory is definitely the biological and physiological requires, in order to achieve this a person must have the essential needs of living, they are; air, meals, fluids, protection, warmth, protection, warmth and sleep.
The protection needs with the hierarchy consist of protection from components, security, buy, law, stableness and finally independence fear. The love and belongingness stage of Maslow’s theory requires companionship, intimacy, devotion and take pleasure in from job colleagues, family, friends and romantic associations. McGuire. T. J, (2012) pp281. Your fourth stage in the hierarchy of needs is definitely the esteem of needs, to accomplish this stage someone must experience achievement, prestige, self-concept, figurines, dominance, mastery, self-concept and respect from others.
The ultimate stage is a self-actualisation. This kind of stage requires realising personal potential, self-fulfilment, seeking person growth andpeak experiences. Maslow states that without reaching the first four stages, self-actualisation cannot be obtained. The second theory is Erickson’s Ego theory. This is one other theory which can be based on levels. Erickson’s theory focuses on the eight levels of life starting with toddler and polishing off with more mature age. The idea is a life-span model of development taking in five stages up to the age of 18 years old and three even more stages past the age of 18 and in adulthood. Every stage has a conflict, quality and a cumilation in age these will all be presented in the table under.
Age
Conflict
Resolution
Cumiliation in age
Infancy
0-1 years of age
Simple trust versus mistrust
Hope
Appreciation of independence and relatedness
Early childhood 1-3years outdated
Autonomy vs . Waste
Will certainly
Popularity of cycle of lifestyle from incorporation to disintegration
Enjoy age 3-6 years old
Initiative vs . Guilty
Purposely
Humour, sympathy and resilience
College age 6-12 years old
Industry or Inferiority
Competence
Humiliation, acceptance of the span of one’s life and unfulfilled hopes
Adolescences
12-19 years olds
Identity vs . confusion
Fidelity
Sense of complexity of relationships, values of tenderness and loving freely
Early Adult
20-25 years
Intimacy or Love remoteness
Love
Perception of intricacy of life; merging of sensory rational and artistic perception
Adulthood 26-64 years old
Generative or Care nullwachstum
Treatment
Nächstenliebe, caring for other folks, empathy and concern
Old age
65 years of age -death
Integrity versus Despair
Wisdom
Existential identity, a feeling of integrity strong enough to withstand physical disintegration
The growth promoting environment theory suggests that a person requires a encouraging environment that encourages someone to expand positively. The theorist of the theory is definitely Carl Rogers. The growth marketing climate theory is a person centred strategy. The purpose of the person centred strategy is to modify, understand individuality as well as human relationship. Roberts. R. D, (2010) PP102. According to Carl Rogers, a positive requires diversity, personal strength which means to allow the individual to grow and achieve. Other factors which are required to create a positive environment is usually open interaction, freedom as well as the capability to reach their complete potential. Yet , without a confident environment, the growing promo climate theory cannot be defines. The looking glass self theory examines how someone views themselves. The theorist of this theory is Horton Cooley. The looking cup self is yet another theory that is certainly separated in to stages. This theory consist of three periods.
The first stage identification that a person imagines the way they are perceived and seen by other folks. The second stage of the seeking glass theory is every time a person imagines how they happen to be judged simply by others and this is based and concluded by first level of the theory which is what sort of person imagines they are perceived by one other individual. The last stage ofthis theory is the experiencing of the type of sense or reaction to the taking place in one and two. Gbadebo. S. A, (2011), pp124. For example a person may well believe that they may be perceived as being polite and friendly to a different individual. This would be the initially stage from the theory (imaging how they are perceived simply by others). This may therefore bring about the individual picturing they are evaluated in a great light and a strictly individual. This could be the second level of the theory (the method by which a person imagines they are judged simply by others). The way in which an individual serves towards them would identify the opinion they have of which. Gbadebo. T. A, (2011), pp124.
If the person who is isolated in times is judged to be a polite friendly person they are very likely to make friends because they may give off a friendly character encouraging visitors to want to engage with them however if perhaps they were regarded as being impolite and arrogant, other might not exactly want to associate or include the individual in their chat and may even believe the individual is usually purposely isolating themselves from the situation. The Social identification theory was created by Henri Tajfel more than three decades ago. He recommended that organizations which persons belonged to had been an important supply of pride and self-esteem. These kinds of groups could possibly be a person’s sociable class friends and family or a individual’s choice of soccer team. Groups give individuals a sense of identification and sense of belonging to the social community. Burke. L. j, (2009).
This theory focuses on the way you perceive and make sense of every other. This can help with the structure of contemporary society and lifestyle. This theory suggests that folks are interested in the data of others including their beliefs, intentions and affiliations. Tajfel. H, (2010). This enables a person to interpret and understand the terms and actions of another person as well as their particular decision makings. This as well allows a predication of your person’s future. The final aspect that influences a person’s self-pride is the building of self-theory. A sense of personal or personhood, of what kind of person one is. Details always entail both sameness and big difference, (2000) Penguin Dictionary. ‘Identity is about that belong, about what you have in common with a people and what distinguishes you via others. In its most basic it offers you a feeling of personal area, the secure core to individuality. But it really is also with regards to your social relationships, your complex involvement with others’ (1996).
This theory consists of 3 main fights they are; Our company is born with ouridentities; identities and widely and historically dependent, identities are substance and fragmented and are a result of conscious and unconscious believed and emotion (affective attachment to particular identities). This kind of theory involves sources of identity, they are sexuality, age, libido, ethnicity, social class, intake, employment, jobs and responsibility, family systems, friendships, make use of technology, governmental policies, leisure actions and finally your body. All of the discussed theories are contributing elements to the advancement person’s self-esteem. All of which describe have a different understanding. Several were seemingly based on the needs of your individual to be able to live just like Maslow’s structure of needs, others dedicated to the different phases of lifestyle a person experiences including Erickson’s 8-10 stages of life. M1- The aim of this next task should be to compare two theories of self-esteem which will contribute to each of our understanding of self-concept.
The two theories this task is going to focus on are Erickson’s eight periods of your life theory and Maslow’s structure of requires. The initially similarity of these two theories is that they are both broken down into stages however Maslow’s pecking order of demands is separated into five stages Maslow. A. H, (2013) whereas, Erickson’s life levels are split into six. The various number of phases is in difference between your two hypotheses. A further big difference between the two theories is that Erickson’s stages are based on the stages of life every individual experiences. Hence the theory can be easily generalised to all persons during a particular age group. Additionally, Erickson’s ego theory is definitely structured in a timeline of stages. Nevertheless , the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs would be the requirements required in life such as warmth, refuge, love and family. Rakowski. N, (2011).
Therefore Erickson’s theory targets experience whereas Maslow’s theory focuses on the needs associated with an individual as well as the goals of achievement of an individual. An additional big difference between Maslow’s and Erickson’s theory is that Maslow says that with out successfully achieving one level a person cannot proceed to achieve the next stage avoiding a person for attaining actualisation. Erickson’s eight stages of your life are skilled by almost all individuals during their life span and therefore all stages will be experienced and unresolved stages can be settled in afterwards stages in every area of your life. Tiffany. L, (2014). Erickson’s ego theory focuses on psychological stages while Maslows structure theory dedicated to the needsof an individual. The season the two ideas were produced is another comparison, Erickson’s Spirit theory originated in 1950 whereas Maslow’s hierarchy theory was developed in 1943.
Erickson’s Ego theory has an total finishing point which is when an individual defines self-actualisations while Maslow’s structure of requirements is a ongoing cycle which in turn continues till a person reach loss of life. Tiffany. M, (2014). One last comparison of the two theories is that Erickson’s Ego theory was influenced with a theory which in turn already existed; this was Freud’s theory regarding the structure and topography of personality. Maslow’s hierarchy theory on the other passed was a prolonged version of his own work as opposed to the work of others. Chapman, (2001). Both the theories of Abraham Maslow and Eric Erickson support the application of human response assessment inside the experimental and behavioural viewpoints. Mcleod. S i9000. Erickson’s ten stages of life likewise identifies process which must be achieved each and every stage and similarly to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, in the event that these tasks are not accomplished, a person cannot carry on successfully accomplish the next job.
Reference Webpage
NHS, (2015).
Interpersonal expansion and self-actualisation in teams, Maslowski. ur. m, Morgan. L, (1973). Text publication of basic nursing, Roshahl. c, (2008).
(2000) Penguin Dictionary of Sociology.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. An introduction, McGuire. E. J, (2012), pp281 Theory and practice of counselling and therapy, Jones. 3rd there’s r. N, (2010) PP102. Trip into the seeking glass, Gbadebo. S. A, (2011), pp124.
Identity theory, Burke. P. j, (2009).
Cultural identity and intergroup associations, Tajfel. H, (2010)
A theory of human motivation, Maslow. A. L, (2013)
Maslow’s structure of requires model, Rakowski. N, (2011).
Erik Erickson, mental stages merely psychology, Mcleod. S. Chapman, Maslow’s structure of demands (2001).
Tiffany. L, Erickson and Maslow, compare (2014).
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