solutions to religious intolerance in nigeria
Nigeria like a nation is plaque with several socio-political and financial problems and challenges. Yet , the major issues facing the region since 3 years ago that are likely to defy all logic and solution is that of insecurity posed by the Boko Haram insurgency. Boko Haram, which literarily means “Western Education is usually sin, based on the local parlance, is deeply rooted in religious intolerance. Historically, spiritual intolerance goes back to the 1980s when the Maitasine sect emerged. This sect posed a serious threat to the unity with the country.
Due to the massive killing by Maitasine sect, the country became polarized along religious line. The government managed to contend the sect for some reason, but the “mustard seed of that religious problems was deeply planted and watered, therefore , the seed has been germinating with diverse botanical brands. A profound reflection upon religious intolerance in Nigeria will reveal that the is actually deeply grounded in the north. And this is definitely the part of the region where the illiteracy rate is definitely the highest.
Again, the north, which can be predominantly Moslem see everything together with the spectacle of faith. The north as a persons does not have a traditions that is totally different from religion. Certainly, everything to an average northerner who is a Moslem is viewed from Islamic religion.
So , to these people, there are not any differences between culture, politics and religious beliefs. This interlaced relationship between these simple social elements in the north makes it hard to establish a differentiation between the 3. So , a disagreement in a aspect of these social factors is viewed as a disagreement of spiritual view or perhaps belief. This and perennially creates stress in the country particularly in the north. To resolve this problem consequently , there is the requirement for education to illuminate and free the thoughts of the public in the north. This will just like the Platonic “allegory of the cave salvage and unchain the folks from darkness and pole of illiteracy. Through education nourished with philosophy of Essencism, the paper disagrees that. Nigerians will be able to conquer the challenge of spiritual intolerance and sustain the essential principles of secularity, liberty of worship, and other fundamental rights because enshrined in the constitution. This posits it is only through philosophy of Essencism that Nigeria is capable of holistic advancement.
1 . Advantages
Faith could function as an instrument of social tranquility, and paradoxically, it could also serve as a motivation for violence hence, it has been looked at by students as a “double-edged sword (Maregere 2011: 17-23; Obasi 2009). Religious croyant right from the ancient epoch attempted to legitimize violence in the name of God. It truly is on the basis of this that present acts of maximum violence including terrorist problems as typified by Boko Haram in Nigeria are generally justified while “holy wars. In the last twenty years, Nigeria got experienced events of stress violence and killing among Christians and Muslims. These violent clashes are not unconnected with the sophisticated nature of interreligious and intercultural marriage that exists in the country, which have been that of religious fundamentalism and riots. The main reason for the violent issue is largely credited for possibly lack of understanding and misinterpretation of the different religious faiths. Added to this is the fact that the prominent model of religious learning bought by key Nigerian locations has been faiths oriented and anchored about religious indoctrination and proposición.
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It is discoverable from this that education was a means of convincing people to adopt Christianity or Islam rather than making it a process or formation for religious tolerance and dialogue. Due to this, most children and youth adults are well-informed within this framework and as such are inclined to blind faith. Religious intolerance it could be contended is the result of the method that faith based education is definitely taught. This method and indoctrination make it possible for persons especially children to increase up staying very intolerant, exclusive and with deficiency of openness to dialogue.
The February, 2003 clash between Christian and Muslim college students in some second schools in Oyo condition over the putting on of the Islamic veil provide concrete data for this affirmation. This has achieved it possible for Christianity and Islam to maintain their dominant effect on both the society and schools, and allowing zero room pertaining to dialogue, values for religious diversity, secularity status with the country since constitutionally provided, interreligious learning and co-existence. Indeed, the challenges range from the understanding in issues of faith and beliefs among members in the different religions in Nigeria, responses to pluralism, multicultural and multi-religious prospects and perspectives.
The paper is going to examine the role of education in religious intolerance; evaluate the mindset of fundamentalism and its effect on religious intolerance. Also, the paper preserves that a appear philosophy of education inside the mould of Essencism may help in reducing religious intolerance in Nigeria. In doing this, it will take into account the cognizance of the historical, cultural, sociological, internal and ideological factors which may have contributed to religious intolerance in Nigeria.
2 . Religious beliefs in Nigeria
There are lots of religions in Nigeria which assist in the accentuation of
regional and cultural distinctions. Because at 1990, all religions represented in Nigeria, were actually applied in significant cities (Wikipedia). The upper part of the region is focused by Islam and there are a lot of followers inside the south west that constitute the Yoruba. Likewise, in the Yoruba axis there exist Protestantism and local syncretic Christianity. Among the list of Igbos in the South East and other carefully related areas are centered by Catholicism. Both Catholicism and Protestantism dominate the Ibibios, Annangs, and the Efiks of south-south Nigeria. The 1963 census according to Wikipedia, demonstrated that 47 percent of Nigerians had been Muslim, thirty-five percent Christian and 18 percent are part of other neighborhood indigenous congregations. However , a 2003 statement portrayed 55, 4% of Nigerian while Muslims, forty eight, 2% while Christian, whilst 1, 4% are users of different religions. Among the Christians, we have catholic because 27, 8%, protestant 31, 5%, while other latest statistics give up to 55% of the Nigerian population to Muslim although Christians will be 40%.
This statistics may not be relied upon wholly herefor this is because the Nigerian population continues to be manipulated for political, economic and other explanation. Also, the Purdah system cannot assistance to provide an correct census in the Moslem human population in Nigeria.
In relation to difficulties ethnic teams and religious affiliations, the Hausas’ inside the North is definitely 95% Muslim and 5%Christianity, the Yoruba tribe on the western part of the country have 60 per cent Christians, 30% Muslims and 10% owned by other Africa religions. The Igbos in the East plus the Ijaw inside the south happen to be 98% Christian believers (Catholics), whilst 2% practice other African religions. The center belt of Nigeria may be the largest minority group and they are generally Christians mostly with traditional religions and very few Muslim converts.
Fundamentally, the major problems of Nigeria have been faith and racial. These dual problems have already been perennial and tend to defy all reasoning. This made it possible for spiritual intolerance to persist regardless of the pluralistic characteristics of the Nigerian state. In the past, the european experience is to move from the uniqueness of “eiuscuiusreligio and try to build a secular point out where governmental policies and religious beliefs are kept apart. Nigeria typified a good example of two key religious areas inhabiting two
distinct religions. The objective of this is to generate each community the freedom to train their religion and instruct their children in the practice of this kind of religion. This is often seen in the Nigerian metabolic rate where it is expressed the state “shall not take up any faith as express religion and that “every person shall be qualified for freedom of thought, conscience and faith, including freedom to change his religion, or belief, and freedom¦ to manifest and propagate his religion or perhaps belief in worship. This clearly shows that the balance of power between Muslims and Christians in Nigeria is certainly that it is hard if not impossible to realize the desire becoming prominent. The option this can be a cultivation of tolerance and cooperation, which is necessary to secure freedom of worship which will promote tranquil coexistence. Nevertheless , in practice, this balance of power has a tendency to provoke an intensification of confrontation, which in turn
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has led to the religious conflicts, violence now terrorism. This indeed is known as a serious challenge to the Nigerian state. This current situation is capable of derailing the democratic structure and it posed a mortal danger for the unity of the country. The solution to this risk lies in Education and a philosophy of education that could recover the actual head, the heart and hand of the very people that winner this turmoil and refocus them toward reinventing their particular understanding and conception of religion, while locating the role of man in natural design and style. This approach will move the diagnosis of spiritual conflicts in Nigeria in the underlying socio-political, economic and governance factors and emphasis to a even more holistic and practical method of providing a lasting solution to this problem.
several. Religious Intolerance and Education in Nigeria Several causes of religious violence has been discovered in some books such as (Agwu 2009; Gofwen 2004; Salawu 2010, Iwara 2006, Kwaja 2009; Omotosho 2003, Sanusi 2009). The complexities in this materials anchored about socio-political, economical and governance factors that gestate not simply religious conflicts, but as well violent issues in Nigeria as a whole.
However , Sampson (2012) showed that government overlook, oppression, dominance, superiority, exploitation, victimization, discrimination, marginalization, nepotism and bigotry happen to be equally elements that can trigger off faith based violence. Kwaja (2009: 107) also in the treatise recognizes the fragile character of point out institutions in relation to their potential and capacity to manage efficiently diversity, data corruption, rising inequality between the abundant and the poor, gross breach of human being rights, environmental degradation, contestation over land, among others because the reasons intended for violent conflicts in Nigeria. Indeed, many others causes such as disparaging publications by both Christian and Muslim elites (Omotosho 2003), incorrect perception of other people’s religion or hope, wrong religious orientation, the lower literacy level of religious adherents, selfishness on the part of religious people, pervasive low income, government participation in religious matters (Acgumike 2008: 287) as component responsible for interreligious conflicts in Nigeria.
A cursory take a look at all these factors reveals religious intolerance, fundamentalism and extremism. Indeed, this tripod is exactly what carried the whole pot of religious conflicts in Nigeria. This tripod is even so fuelled simply by lack of education that is on a sound philosophic foundation. This assertion tallies with the perspective of (Achunik, 2008), when he opines that low illiteracy level of spiritual adherents makes up about religious assault in Nigeria. Lack of correct education is definitely the major basis for religious disputes and assault in Nigeria. This is because correct education will certainly equip spiritual adherents with better knowledge of the dynamics of religion. Education helps to liberate the thoughts of religious adherents of all dogmas that often generate and create intolerance, fundamentalism and extremism. It places the adherents able to question selected religious opinions and dogmas that will be against the views more.
For instance, being a Christian, I am not convinced that it can be only Christians that will make heaven. I are not as well in arrangement with the idea of “hell as preached by Christianity. There are several reasons that educated this position with out preacher or perhaps gospel have been able to change it. This certainty or expertise is not a product of dogma although rational deductions from Biblical, religious and philosophical sights. It is a item of profound reflection nourished by perceptive fruits that emphasis the medieval humanism and the renaissance view of man produced more through the Bible than from Ancient greek philosophy, and the Biblical view of man is not only appropriate for freedom yet has very most effective guarantee of independence in human society.
Education could to a great extent, aid Christians and even Moslem to compromise or stop some faith based or imaginaire rights in the interest of social alter, but the issue is; just how liberal or perhaps dogmatic could they be? For Christianity, the scriptures as can be seen in Both roman 13: 1-2, where Paul said: Allow every soul be topics unto the larger powers. Pertaining to there is no electricity but of God: the powers that be will be ordained of God. Whosoever therefore resisteth the power resisteth the ordinance of Our god; and they that resist receive to themselves damnation.
Also, 1 Peter 2: 13-14, Peter told Christians to “Be controlled by every sort of human buy, whether it be to the King because the primary, or governors as dispatched by him, as a vengeance on the incredible and an incentive to the just. Here, generous leaning towards authority inside the Christendom will certainly therefore allow a Christian to respect the privateness of others. This is due to the realization to the fact that these areas of other people’s lives do not at all fall under his jurisdiction. This belief nourished with education will make that impossible for a
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Christian to attempt to dominate power of the state of hawaii to sanction deviant conduct, or might a Christian attempt to decrease certain conduct that offends Christian cortège. This is obviously within the regulating purview of temporalauthority. This kind of virtue of compliance to temporal specialist makes it possible for Christianity to recommend and abide by economic, politics and social order because sanctioned by simply temporal specialist as far as these types of do not impact its worship.
Islam, on the other hand is different. It is not necessarily just a religious beliefs but also a way of life that encompasses the complete gamut of economic, contencioso, political and cultural lives of it is Umma (faithful or adherent), and as such it really is viewed as “total submission towards the will of Allah (God) as unveiled through the specific message of Muhammed (Danjibo). The wholeness of Islamic regulation of the lives of Muslims can be graphically captured by Olayiwola (1988: 227), when he publishes articles: Islam does not admit a narrow perspective of religions by reducing it in the limits of worship, certain rituals and spiritual values. In its correct meaning, Islam is not only a religion; it is also just one way of lifer that regulates every aspect of existence on the scale of the individual and the nation.
Islam is a interpersonal order, viewpoint of your life, a system of economic guidelines and authorities. Islam plainly establishes man’s duties and rights in all of the relationship- a definite system of praise, civil privileges, laws of marriage and divorce, gift of money, code of behaviour, regulations of economic system, laws of governance, laws and regulations of battle and peacefulness, of buying and selling and laws of relations and co-existence with each other, parents, children, relatives others who live nearby, guests, Muslims, nonMuslims and brethren.
This explanation tilts Islam towards intolerance, fundamentalism and extremism. It paints a picture of rigidity of Islam like a comprehensive device for the regulation of the entire lifestyle of its loyal, where there is out there no place for any parting between religious and eventual affairs specifically those that decided to be pious Muslims. This kind of highlights miséricorde in the portrayal of Islam as it is organised by adherents of the Wahhabi Islam, who also see jihad as a portent tool for the purging of Islam of modernization since it is seen as adulteration of orthodox guidelines.
This provide succinct reason to the predominance of religious violence in the Muslim dominated upper Nigeria wherever liberal attitude to Islamic orthodox or Wahhabism provides given beginning to Boko Haram and terrorism. Boko Haram is known as a product with the rigidity and inflexibility of Islamic fundamentalism of the Wahhabi extraction because they continue to behave violently to any act or omission seen as a infringement of Sharia or Islamic tenets. This attitude ignores the fact that other spiritual sects possess a corresponding legal right to the same act(s). So , the fundamentalists’ efforts to maintain a strict and pure Islamic state in a secular region is overloaded and discreetly a infringement of the privileges of others and as such can be ignition to religious physical violence (Achunike 2008: 288)
The several religious disorders ranging from the 1980 Maitatsine and the presentBoko Haram sectarian violence are typical products of dogmatic faith to Sharia jurisprudence that inspires Islamic Jihad and Obliteration of Western civilization (Ekanem 2011, Onuoha 2012). Also, the 1991 faith based crisis that engulfed TafawaBalawa in Bauchi state was ignited simply by Muslims dreams to maintain spiritual purity in multi-cultural and multi-religious environment.
It is obvious from the above examination that dogmatism is 1 basic component of religious violence. Dogmatism as being a product of indoctrination could be cured through education that seeks to liberate the minds and remove every forms of mental cobwebs obtained through cultural and faith based activities and beliefs. Through education the perception of spiritual adherents could be altered positively. This can be noticed in the Platonic “Allegory of the Cave where education is usually portrayed as a light that liberate guys from the sequence of dogmas. A profound reflection for the history of the northern part of Nigeria reveals very high amount of illiteracy. This illiteracy of the majority of the northern world exposed these to the treatment of the couple of elites that employed religion and racial as a device for socio-political, economic and governance benefit. The north masses have already been deprived of education by the ruling elites.
This deprival brought about authorities neglect, oppression, domination, exploitation, marginalization, nepotism and bigotry, poverty, inequality, gross infringement of man rights, environmental degradation and subjugation. This is coupled with selfishness of the elites, corruption and weak institutions that are not capable of managing diversity and pluralism in the country. All of these are issues created as a result of lack of education especially in the upper state of Nigeria. This lack of education in north Nigeria dates back to period of colonialism. This can be noticed in the examination of Lemu (2012)
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when he explained the fact that pattern of education inside the south and the north has been different. Inside the south, Christian missionaries founded schools readily but this did not include the case inside the north. This kind of created educational disparities between your south and north. This kind of disparity in many ways has created marginalization regarding national expansion in the country.
However , the few northern elites capitalized around the seemingly large illiteracy level in the north to subject matter the public to unfavorable poverty and subjugation. This lack of education in the north left the masses with nothing to sit on their minds. The alternatives left pertaining to the teeming masses should be recourse to religion to get scour and as Karl Marx puts it, faith becomes a great “opium from the poor (masses). With the uniqueness nature of Islamic religious beliefs and its indoctrination and comprehensiveness as both equally a religion and way of life, this become a basic political and ethnic device in the palm of the elitist cabal whom inspire and indoctrinate these to take to violence as a means to combat un-Islamic activities.
From your analysis, it can be evident that with education the human head could be more liberally and positively interested. Also, with education the degree of rationality and analytic skill of the human person could possibly be enhanced and
this can have the potential to drastically decrease the high incidence of violence inspired by religion. This kind of assertion is usually anchored on the truth that education sharpens your intellect and equips person with the inquisitiveness that enables person to raise particular fundamental problem. With education, I am sure a lot of people with average and control their intuition for violence due to faith. For instance, it may need only an informed mind to improve the question of God living. We are to never accept exactly what religion preaches or advances, and to have the ability tofree ourselves from spiritual indoctrination we require education as being a veritable device towards attaining this aim.
It is only a great effectively altered mind through indoctrination that could decide to guard God or perhaps gods. In the event that God or god(s) is definitely or are what He(he) is or are projected to be, after that no gentleman have the power or might to guard God or perhaps gods. Vengeance we are told, belongs to Goodness or gods, so why ought to a rational being wants to fight for the “Almighty God and “gods that have the ability to eliminate both the “body and the soul. The Boko Haram insurgency and other related religious problems in Nigeria that emanate from the upper part of the region is a crystal clear confirmation of lack of education properly so called. What have already been taken as a philosophy of education in the area are plan statements and objectives of education. As well, in the complete northern area there completely no division of idea in all the Educational institutions established by the federal and states governments, except the recent ones by School of Abuja(the department lack the required man electrical power for a productive academic activity to be considered to be philosophical) and Benue Condition University, which is ill outfitted by certified academic personnel.
The lack of beliefs departments inside the northern colleges is not an oversight nevertheless a planned design to keep this portent and demanding cognitive activity out of the northern region and thus deprive the masses of the location the monumental benefits and illuminative potentials of this sort of intellectual activity that idea can provide. It’s the potency of philosophy to raise fundamental concerns and problem certain beliefsand thoughts. It truly is indeed the fear for the liberation of the masses via religious fundamentalism and bigotry that could be obtained through
philosophy that made it difficult if certainly not impossible for philosophy to penetrate the north. This singular work has left the north inside the platonic cave without lighting. It becomes therefore an essential for Nigeria to develop a viewpoint of education that will treat this sordid and meaning issue of religious intolerance.
some. The Need for Essencism as a Idea of Education
Essencismas a philosophy according to Ekanem (2005) is coined from the word “essence, which is what makes some thing what it is (Hornby 2004: 392). Historically consequently , Essencism as being a philosophy tries to highlight the essence of man in planet earth. The reason behind this unique philosophy, which is wholly Nigerian, is really because most of the overseas philosophies usually diminish the importance and benefit of the essence and life of man while the control mechanism of the habitable earth. Also, some of these philosophies attempt to detachment man from his founder and character, while planning to dehumanize and alienate guy. So , essencism is that beliefs that recognizes man since the centrality of all the events on earth. It is anchored and traceable to the Biblical era, exactly where man was given that divine authority to inherit the planet earth and dominate it. The book of Genesis produced us to know that Goodness created guy in his personal image, to acquire both physical and psychic dominion overall things.
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As the last thing that God made before his rest, gentleman truly signifies the keen authority of God. Man accordingly is usually God’s delegate and as a great ambassador he’s divinely immuned from damage or being harm simply by any thing that is known. Furthermore, the creation as we have it in the book of Genesis shows that man was make the “Garden of Eden to tend it. Also, it absolutely was man that
provided names for virtually everything both in your garden and on globe. This is because, the Garden of Eden by design and style, is a microcosm of our earth that we live. We can obtain from this that man is imbued with divine intelligence and know-how to fulfill The lord’s purpose on the planet. It comes after then the fact that education of man need to necessarily strive to establish this kind of essence, that is certainly, those essential qualities which make man whom he is by simply God. These types of qualities of man can be seen in the dual nature of man since both physical and religious being. This kind of duality is what constitutes the essence of man. Consequently, any idea or concept that diminishes or tends to de-emphasize that duplicity must be turned down. Man without a doubt was created to get a divine purpose. Man was developed for the purpose of dominating his environment as structured on God. Therefore , man’s stay at the Backyard of Eden was to provide him with divine education that will aid him to cope and dominate his environment outside of the garden.
This portrays that historically, man’s education was divinely made to reflect his techno-nature. This is seen in man’s divine capability to give names to all issues created by God devoid of duplication. From this, it can be declared that the education of man is definitely divinely motivated. Based on this kind of inspirational sizing, education seeks to satisfy the spiritual essence of guy while the utilized science-technology actualized the physical manifestation of man’s religious development.
Looked at from the essencist perspective, education of person is divinely ordained to satisfy the dual nature of man. Therefore , any education that does not strive to achieve both of these basic aims is not only a sound education. It is on such basis as this that we stand to condemn any education that only strives to warrant the psychic aspect of guy while overlooking the physical aspect. That’s where Boko Haram and other fundamentalist group lost the ethical tonic and justification for their war against western education that try to bring up a balanced man by using a kind of education that cater for the psychic and physical needs of man. Ekanem (2005: 220), captures this kind of aptly if he argues that
¦any educational philosophy that seeks to market technological progression
must first and foremost, place a psychic foundation for its education. It is this spiritual development which could lead to moving advancement of knowledge, which sensible applicability will certainly lead very easily to technical development. This then satisfies the physical essence of man mainly because it is through technological progression that gentleman is provided with his physical convenience. But for the physical comfort and ease to be gained there must be a corresponding spiritual level of creation. Also specially in this psychic aspect of mans essence may be the ethical worth for all that may be good. It offers man having a sound understanding of what is good and bad.
The knowledge that essencism provides will lay bare for all Nigerian individuals and be able as a socio-cultural practice that honesty pays off and that intolerance of one another is a vice. It will also help to wipe off the culture and practice of killing with the intention of religion. Essencism will bring towards the fore the sanctity of human existence. It will help replace the culture and practice of looting the national treasury through general public office. Also, it will transfuse in every Nigerian a nationalistic spirit of oneness therefore eradicating tribalism, religious bigotry, corruption and other socio-political addictions that slow down national creation. The achievement of these sociocultural reforms through essencism is really because the dual aspect of every citizen will probably be developed through this educational philosophy. This is because as a soul being, person is directly linked with Our god from the place that the source of his intellectual motivation is derived.
The spiritual progress man (Nigerians) through essencism will re-establish a direct hyperlink with God. And when Goodness is involved in every affairs of guy, we can make sure that harmony will be established and development is bound to occur with so much convenience. This is because; Nigerians will have 1 source of perceptive inspiration, which is God. This will likely let Muslims, Christians, fans, Eckists, humanists and others to find out man as man and humanity will be better comprehended while each of our “Nigerianness is going to emerge from this kind of. This way, the act of violence against one another will be eliminated from your national your life. This is because fighting against any Nigerian will probably be seen or interpreted since fighting against oneself. Viewpoint of essencism seeks to produce a complete individual
individuality. This is because no aspect of the human nature is usually ignored. Person (Nigeria) is completely developed like a physical and spiritual becoming through essencism. It is if the human personality is completely developed that one can begin to talk of additional aspects of
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advancement. This is because; the introduction of any nation is dependent upon the development of human person. Omoregbe (1990: 147) supports this view when he claims that: The most crucial aspect of the development of any nation is unquestionably the development of human personality. It really is, in other words, the moral development of the residents that constitute the country. To make certain, there are various other aspects of development, for a nation is a living organism with many parts, each of which has to be developed¦.
This is a sound logic and a fact that cannot be faulted or debated. The development of a rustic is entirely dependent on the development of the people that make up such a rustic. This is in conformity with all the platonic notion that the express is “man-writ-large. Also, in the event that any section of the human person remains undeveloped, there is bound to be problem with the developing process of these kinds of a country. Nigeria as a region needs essencism as a idea since it is a combination of the physical and spiritual sizes of man into a entire that will make a unique program, character and culture pertaining to the Nigerian state through education. This mix will help the nation to check and eradicate all those vices that tend to retard and inhibit the development of the.
5. Advice
Essencism as a beliefs of education in Nigeria can help showcase development near your vicinity and aid in curbing the menace of religious intolerance in the event the following will be systematically carried out by the government.
Promo of religious understanding among youngsters aged almost eight to 18 to create the backbone of varied communities throughout Nigeria. This will serve as crucial social cohesion.
Enacting of legislation that may ban the receiving of spiritual education from teachers of their own faith. This is because the idea of instructors of the same hope teaching the students enrolled in pubic schools limit students for you to learn about various other religion apart from their own. You have the need to show studentsto talks on spiritual differences and pluralism.
Promotion of neighborhood and nationwide debate about religious patience. Production and distribution of comic books about religious variations and threshold to learners in public schools and the almajiris. Ensuring that faith based education instructors are well grounded and competed in essencism as a philosophy of education. Building capacity for the agricultural poor/nomads.
Promotion and fostering understanding about essential thinking, expertise related to radicalization, religious flexibility and tolerance.
The institution of development in public universities that will aids in the prevention of radicalization and stimulates religious freedom and threshold. Victims of religious intolerance must be encouraged to find redress in the court of law pertaining to the mistreatment of the critical rights. Advertising of patience and faith based dialogue through education plus the involvement of civil world in the process. Govt at all levels should not be involved in the funding of any spiritual activities. The consistent promotion secularity position of Nigeria to education and public awareness. Liberalism should be marketed in all ball of our countrywide life.
6. Conclusion
Our examination show that religious intolerance is a significant national a significant Nigeria, and it pose a persona danger for the unity, balance and advancement the country. Spiritual intolerance and it possibilities to issue and
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violence makes it a sensitive concern of national discourse. Nevertheless , to take on the challenges presented with this, the newspaper posits that education like a basic application and car of freedom can properly be employed in solving this kind of growing national monster. To do this, there is the have to lay a sound groundwork for the education through a philosophy, which in this case is usually Essencism. This kind of philosophy will also enhance Nigeria’s level of feeling in physical, spiritual and practical imagination. This will give Nigeria a practical and controllable philosophy of education, which in turn processes may help cultivate in Nigerians a high level of “physic-spiritual sensibility. To get as Nwoko puts it “¦A philosophy of education determines basically the direction of the creative and effective development of a people (75).
Again, O’connor believes in the soundness of the logic when he asserts that “The educational system of any kind of society is actually a more or less sophisticated social mechanism designed to cause in the persons submitted to it particular skills and attitudes which might be judged being useful and desirable inside the society¦(74). Using this, we can see that no important development can take place devoid of peace, a sound and ideal philosophy of education since it is from here that we derive the aims expertise, skills and attitude. With Essencism being a philosophy of education, a new culture and character that reflects the totality of man like a person that comes from peace with each other while preserving life, and Nigerians are not cajoled in to pursuing a faith and activities that will be bad for the sanctify of human life and destructive of natural rules or rules. This will help redirect all Nigerians and provides the focus and relief of knowing that humanity is one and all Nigerians derive their very own existence using this.
Again, this will help to to establish epistemological relationship between
education, culture, religion, politics, serenity and advancement. It will as well, place the services of education and religious beliefs to all the citizenry. Of greater significance of this beliefs is the fact that this purges the populace from hatred and intolerance but instead will provide a mix of critical representation and judgment of religious actions. This will considerably checkmate the awesome effects of religious intolerance in our lifestyle, and generate the necessary ambiance for tranquility and sustainable development in Nigeria.
Recommendations
Achunike, H. C. Religious procedures in Nigeria as a source of conflict, Record of Open-handed studies, 08, 12 (1 & 2), pp 286-295 Adebayo, Ur. I. “Ethno-religious Crises plus the Challenges of Sustainable Creation in Nigeria. Log of Lasting Development in Africa 2010, 12 (4), Pp 213-225.
Agwu, C. T. “Religious Conflicts in Kano and Kaduna. In Ikejiani-Clarke, M. ed. Tranquility Studies and Conflict Resolution inNigeria: A visitor, Ibadan: Variety books 2009, Pp. 518 ” 531. Bologun, T. A. “Religious intolerance as a source of Nationwide disintegration; In Mala, T. B. impotence. Religion and NationalUnity, Ibadan University Press, 1988.
Ekanem S. A. “A Viewpoint of Education for Technical Development in Nigeria A health care provider of Beliefs (Ph. D) Dissertation, University of Calabar, 2005.
Gofwen, 3rd there’s r. I. Spiritual Conflicts in Northern Nigeria and Land Building: The Throes of Two Decades 1980- 2000, Kaduna: Human Legal rights Monitor 2004.
Iwara, U. E. “Religious Violence in Nigeria: Causes and Consequences SOPHIA: An Photography equipment Journal of philosophy, 2006, 8 (2), Pp. 153-157.
Kwaja, C. Meters. A. Approaches for Rebuilding Condition Capacity to Deal with Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Nigeria. The Diary of Skillet Africa Studies, 2009, three or more (3), Pp 105 -115.
Maregere, T. S. “Religious: A Source of Conflict and a Recourse for Peace. Discord Trends Concern 1, 2011, Pp 17-23. Obasi, C. O. “The role of faith on Issues of discord and peace. In conflict Quality in Nigeria: A
reader. Ibadan: Spectrum Ebooks 2009.
O’Connor, D. T. An Introduction to Philosophy of Education: Greater london: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980. Olayiwola, A. “Nationalism and Nation Building in Islam In Momoh, C. S. impotence. Religion and Nation Building: Nigerian Research in Spiritual Tolerance Vol. 1, Lagos, centre to get Black and Africa Arts and civilization, and National Connection for religions Tolerance, 1988.
Omoregbe, M. I. Knowing Philosophy Lagos: Joja Educational Research and Publishing, 1990. Onuoha, N. C. The Audacity from the Boko Haram: Background, Evaluation and Trend, 2012, Security Journal, twenty-five, Pp. 134 ” 151.
Salawu, W. “Ethno-religious clashes in Nigeria: Causal Examination andProposal for brand spanking new Management Strategies. European Journal of Social Sciences, 2010, 13 (3), Pp. 345-353.
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