southwest air carriers when south west airlines
Excerpt from Thesis:
The following definitions may be helpful.
Category one particular APUs during installation where in-flight auxiliary electric power operation is necessary. Category one particular APUs are usually required for necessary APU installations. These APUs have been shown to meet all the test and analysis requirements of the Minimum Functionality Standard (MPS) of TSO C77b, Appendix 1 .
Category 2 APUs are installed in which in-flight APU operation can be not necessary ( non-essential installations).
Both Category 1 and Category two APUs happen to be acceptable to get non-essential APU installations. Category 2 APUs are not necessary to meet all the test and evaluation requirements that Category one particular APUs will be subjected to. (See TSO C77b, Appendix one particular, for the detailed requirements). (Category 1 and Category 2 APU, 2005). (See Appendix a for another sort of an APU)
History (may need different things for this part – organic research) significant early demo was in the first liquid-fueled, fuel cell APU on the vehicle. This was a methanol-fueled, proton exchange membrane (PEM) APU on a Freightliner long-haul tractor. The program was developed and built by simply Ballard Electricity Systems and was first exhibited publicly in March 2003. Collaborative RD continued with several aspect development courses that suffered the development of gasoline reformers for much more complex and “JP-8-like” energy sources.
The next significant demonstration was obviously a synthetic-jet-fuel-powered PEM APU on a Bradley M2A3 during Feb . 2005 on the Association states Army (AUSA) Winter Conference, seminar in Fort Lauderdale, FLORIDA. This system was designed and assembled through collaborative efforts among United Protection, Battelle and Pacific Northwest Nationwide Laboratory. The PEM APU is significant because it is the first complicated hydrocarbon-fueled APU and it is the first one installed in a military fight vehicle.
Moreover to reformer-based systems, TARDEC continues to develop regenerative energy cell additional power. In this type of system, an electrolyzer uses automobile power to decompose water in hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is definitely stored and is also later utilized in a gasoline cell pertaining to silent enjoy or standby electrical power generation. TARDEC has teamed with Hydrogenics to produce this concept, that has been first proven as a proof of concept in January 2004. The program’s second phase began in early 2005 to integrate a regenerative gas cell APU into a Stryker vehicle pertaining to demonstration in fall 2006. (Leathers, ain al., june 2006, History section).
Inspection pertaining to particular types of civilian planes, the FFA requires a fire extinguishing system (“system”) for every engine nacelle and additional power unit (APU) area. (“Minimum Overall performance Standards…, inch 2006).
Types
For primary engine starting power, pneumatic power and electrical power generation, the highly reliable 131-9A series APU delivers strong performance, elevated engine life, and easy maintainability for a less expensive of operation and possession. The 131-9A provides quiet operation via noise lowering features incorporated into the inlet, compressor and hot section design. (Honeywell APU, 2009)
Auxiliary Electrical power Unit (Honeywell APU, 2009) two-stage axial turbine improves engine lifestyle and a single starter/generator that uses electricity to start the APU, but becomes a generator once the APU is running, the 131-9A provides a cost effective APU remedy for Airbus A318, A319, A320 or perhaps A321 aeroplanes (Honeywell APU, 2009)
Technological Features
Qualified to start and operate for flight levels up to 41, 000 feet.
Provides 154 lb/min of bleed surroundings at 52 psi to get main engine starting and environmental control.
Its 80 kW electrical power generator fully meets most system needs up to a trip level of thirty-five, 000 foot in the case of an urgent situation. (Honeywell APU, 2009)
Location
Martin W. Hocking and Diana Hocking report in “Air Top quality in Airline Cabins and Similar Surrounded Spaces, inches that the APU may be positioned in the plane tail.
Functions
Limitations
Maintenance One concern relating to the APU, the to overheat could be fixed by the unaggressive cooling system presented to an APU installation by using an aircraft. The U. H. Patent Brand Office reports that: “A passive cooling for an APU set up on an aeroplanes… is for a great auxiliary power unit having at least a compressor portion of a gas turbine engine and oil cooler covered separately in a nacelle” (“Canadian Inventor Builds up…, ” 2008).
The Auxiliary Power Product Passive Cooling System, developed by Luc Dionne of Candiac, Canada includes:
the auxiliary electrical power unit encased within the nacelle of the aeroplanes, an engine exhaust opening defined in the aft portion of the nacelle and communicating with the gas turbine engine, for least a first air inlet duct communicating with a second starting defined in said nacelle and with said compressor portion and the oil cooler is located in a second duct communicating with an opening other than the engine exhaust opening of said nacelle and with the engine exhaust opening. Exterior air conditioning air and engine wear out ejected through said engine exhaust beginning entrain air conditioning air through said second duct to said oil cooler, and thus provide engine oil air conditioning. An exhaust eductor is usually provided. (“Canadian Inventor Evolves…, ” 2008).
References
Canadian Inventor Evolves Airplane Additional Power Unit Passive Air conditioning. U. S. Fed Information Service, Which include U. T. State Media. HT Press Ltd. 08. Retrieved March 28, 2009 from HighBeam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1503121691.html
Category you and Category 2 APU. (2005, June 15). Gathered February 28, 2009 http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/engine_prop/apu_approvals/apu_
Continued airworthiness assessments of powerplant and auxiliary electricity unit installation of transport category airplanes. (2003, Sept 8). http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/0/b9e00e9e44bfe5a86256dad005b833c/$FILE/AC39-8.pdf
Cook, G. (1996, January/February). Uncle Sam’s Not-So-Friendly Heavens: The FAA Has a Very good Safety Record, but it Could Do Significantly better. Washington Month-to-month, 28, 9+. Retrieved March 28, 2009, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001628609
FAA Admits Controllers Wrongfully Blamed Aviators; Will Reform Supervision Method of Air flow Traffic. (2008, April 25). The Wa Times, s. A01. Recovered February twenty-eight, 2009, coming from Questia databases: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5026770147
Gibson, J. T., Blackwell, C. W. (1999). Flying High with Supplement Kelleher: A Profile in Charming Leadership. 120. Retrieved Feb . 28, 2009, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001896228
Haunschild, S. R., Sullivan, B. N. (2002). Learning from Complexity: Effects of Prior Mishaps and Happenings on Airlines’ Learning. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(4), 609+. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001995932
Hocking, Hocking, Diana. (2005). ” Air quality in aircraft cabins and similar enclosed spaces. ” Springer Technology Business. Gathered February 28, 2009 http://books.google.com/books?id=KzXPJ-p75QIC
Honeywell APU. (2009). Honeywell. Retrieved February 28, 2009 http://www.honeywell.com/sites/portal?smap=aerospacepage=Power_Systems3thee=T5catID=CB6099334-14AB-C264-AB94-8E47224CA642id=H2B739EFE-4C8F7FE4-CE63-915807764936sel=2
Honeywell Signs Extension With South west Airlines to Maintain Fleet to get 10 Years. (2008). PR Newswire. PR Newswire Association LLC. Retrieved March 28, 2009 from HighBeam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-181662866.html
Leathers, Edwin Jr.; Berels,; Bradford,; Kallio. TARDEC forges technological advancements in fuel cell auxiliary power device (APU) expansion. Army AL T. Superintendent of Government Documents. 2005. HighBeam Research. Retrieved February 28, 2009, in http://www.highbeam.com.
Liou, K. Big t. (2000). Making use of Strategic Supervision to Monetary Development: Benefits and Challenges. International Log of General public Administration, 23(9), 1621. Gathered February 28, 2009, by Questia data source: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001071955
Bare minimum performance standards for airplane engine and APU inner compartment fire eliminating agents/systems Draft). (2006, Sept. 26). Retrieved February 28, 2009 http://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/pdf/systems/MPSE_rev03_submitted.pdf
Minimum efficiency standards to get aircraft engine and APU compartment fire extinguishing agents/systems (Draft). (2006, Sept. 26). http://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/pdf/systems/MPSE_rev03_submitted.pdf
The singer, C. (2003, October). Remainders: Training to the Rescue. TD, 57, 29+. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from Questia repository: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5002555802
